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Projects arrow Ecological situation of three basins and their inhabitants

T-2152

Comparative study of the environmental features of the three reservoirs of the Republic of Tajikistan for the content of new and obsolete pesticides and herbicides, and the development of antitoxic phyto remedies (BAA) from medicinal plants in Tajikistan

Project Status: 3 Approved without Funding
Duration in months: 36 months

Objective

According to scientific researches in the water of rivers, lakes and seas are constantly found pesticides. The low solubility of DDT and similar to it pesticides in water allows them to enter into the biological cycle of substances in nature, being distributed in the various levels of ecosystems. And the decrease in the concentration of such pollutants in water occurs due to their bio sedimentation and bioaccumulation in living organisms. Plankton, crustaceans, mollusks and fish, binding and accumulate these chemicals in their body - are part of a natural self-cleaning mechanism of water.
According to researchers conducted by Professor Charles Tyler Professor of Environmental Biology (College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter University of Exeter, UK http://ria.ru/eco/20090119/159606989.html ) water pollution by pesticides and a number of other chemicals, reduces the reproductive ability of males’ river fish. He also notes that a much wider range of chemicals than they previously thought, leads to hormonal disbalance in fish organism. Some of these affect fish reproduction substances contained in drugs and pesticides used in agriculture, chemicals used in the industrial production.
In times of intensive development of agriculture in the Republic of Tajikistan (1965 – 1990 y.) annual volume of deliveries of pesticides ranged from 7 to 14 thousand tons (equivalent to 100% ai). During this period, significantly changed the consumption of pesticides of various new classes of chemicals. Thus, the number insectoacaricides decreased from 11.1 thousand tons to 1.7 thousand tons, and fungicides - increased from 1.0 thousand tons to 6.1 thousand tons, also huge increased the use of herbicides and defoliants.
Considering the high toxicity of DDT, the Guidelines of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Tajikistan was accepted decree for the number 104 dated 13 March 1970 on the allocation of lands for landfills-burial in Vakhsh and Konibodom districts of republic.
In 2010, the ISTC has approved the project “Sources of Chemical pollutions of a foodstuff produced in the Republic of Tajikistan”. Results of studies conducted in the framework of this project, food products produced in the area of action and the Vahsh Kanibadam pesticide burial for the period 2011-2013 y, shows the high content level of organochlorine pesticides such as the sum of the HCCH isomers (? ? ? ?), Heptachlor, Heptachlor epoxid, ?-chlordane; ?-chlordane; Endrin, Endrin aldehyde; Endrin keton; DDT with metabolites; Aldrin;; Endosulfan I and II, the MRLs in meat , milk and fruits exceeds from 3.82, up to 107.703 times. Were identified in the same pesticides Methoxychlordane, Dieldrin content of which is not permitted by hygiene regulations GN 02/01/2701 -10.
Xenobiotics being introduced into the environment, pesticides are undoubted danger to man and nature.
According to information available to us from a variety of projects in the field of ecology, which have been implemented by various NGOs republic, their seminars and conferences haven’t been organized for ordinary people of contaminated settlements. Residents was not clarified the danger of pesticides and they have not offered medical assets which reduce harmful effects on the health of the latter.
Relief of Vakhsh pesticide burial is such that rain, mud water and the excess water of the reservoir pass through the territory Vahsh burial ground, then through the village Mashal and flow into the river Vakhsh which is the main lifeline of the Vakhsh valley. Therefore, water and fish of three water bodies must be analyzed for harmful substances.
Kanibadam landfill is located at a height of 275 meters above the Kanibadam city at a distance of 5800 meters, the slope of the relief from the south to the north-west directed towards Kanibadam where pass two main canals (Isfarinka and Great Fergana Canal) and drilled numerous wells of different purposes.
Population of Kanibadam and Vakhsh districts engaged in fishing, as the purpose of sale or for personal use.
Lake Sarez and river Yashikkul located in the highlands at an altitude of 3000 m above sea level. In the vicinity of these reservoirs there is no farmland and factories and their water and the fish will be used as a standard clean zone.