Intense population growth requires increased food production. By contrast, farmlands are gradually disappearing due to growing urbanization and intensification of industry. One solution to this problem of a increasing food supply is the use of intensive agricultural technologies such as chemical fertilizers, especially those containing nitrogen. According to the present day data, all over the world annually more than 200 million tons of nitrogen fertilizers are introduced into soil. However, due to the especially high solubility of nitrogen fertilizers, a large proportion of their application is lost to leaching and evaporation. This economic loss is accompanied by global environmental pollution, such as the contamination of reservoirs, rivers, ground waters, lakes, seas, etc., and by pollution of upper layers of the atmosphere where evaporated substances destroy the ozone layer, thus creating dangerous ecological conditions for human beings (metagemaglobogenia and etc.) and fauna.
The development of ecologically harmless and profitable fertilizers is crucial to our livelihood. Such technology will enable us to substitute soluble chemically-produced nitrogen fertilizers by polymerized.
The present Project offers development of such technology by the creation of structured nitrogen fertilizer of prolonged effect with peptide bonds in the main polymer chain - polymerized urea, co-polymers on the basis of urea and thiourea and polymeric compositions consisting of polymer degradation microorganisms, enabling to decrease significantly agrotechnical norm of nitrogen fertilizers introduced into soil.
Besides, presence of sulfur atoms in the main polymer chain of a copolymer contributes to protection of grain and plants from fungal and other diseases.
For degradation of the polymerized urea and copolymer we‘ll perform modernization of fermentative device of microorganisms, its modification and adaptation to the new nutrient substrate.
By implementation of the Project the following tasks will be resolved:- Study of the mechanism of urea and thiourea polycondensation; investigation of the process of formation of macromolecules of linear homo- and copolymers, containing peptide chemical bonds.
- Study of the process of synthesis and development of technology for obtaining nitrogenous fertilizers of prolonged action;
- Obtaining and propagation of cultures of bacteria which contribute to degradation;
- Elaboration of technology for degradation of prolonged action nitrogen-containing synthetic fertilizers;
- Carrying out vegetation experiments;
- Development of practical recommendations with the view of commercialization of the obtained results.
Micro-organisms and polymerized nitrogen fertilizers will enable us to protect environment from global pollution, will enable one to decrease agrotechnical norms of nitrogen fertilizers, at the expense of application of new nitrogenous fertilizers of prolonged action, with relevant economic effect. Increase of productivity will exceed 30%.
