Appreciate an ecology-microbiological condition of the territory of republic on the Anthrax; to spend epizootological both microbiological certification and inventory of unsuccessful points and burial grounds for animal refuse located on the territory of Republic of Tajikistan. To investigate places of reservation and ways of circulation of activators of an infection. To investigate a role of natural tanks of the activator (rodents, ticks, bloodsucking insects) and transfer ways. To test methods of disinfecting of the natural centers and ways of destruction of tanks. To develop a cadastre of unsuccessful points on regions of Tajikistan by GIS system.
The Anthrax is especially dangerous infection that has extensive geographical distribution. On territory of the CIS countries it is revealed more than 7200 stationary unsuccessful points where there are soil centers of an infection. On indicators of disease by the Anthrax among animals and people Tajikistan is one of unsuccessful regions on territory of the former USSR.
The first Anthrax diseases of animals on territory of Tajikistan were registered in 1937. Now quantity of the unsuccessful centers on the Anthrax in Tajikistan has stepped for 2000 and annually increases on 10-15 units. The fact of occurrence of the Anthrax in earlier safe territories on this disease with not found etiology causes concern.
The activator of the Anthrax - spore constituent aerobe (Bac. anthracis) evolutionary has adapted to long preservation of viability in the soil centers. The soil is its basic tank, and stability of such centers is connected not so much with firmness of Anthrax spores, but with their accumulation as a result of reproduction in soil. How spores of the Anthrax dissipate with water? It is promoted by floods of the rivers, high waters, plentiful deposits, and also with carrying out of excavations, drilling of chinks, seismological explosions, hydromeliorative works, and dusty storms.
At carrying out of the analysis of the long-term data on distribution of disease among people and animals, it is revealed distinctly expressed landscape ash value with more degree of trouble of one landscape in comparison with others. By researches and supervision it is established that in life activity of the activator of the Anthrax in soil paramount value has the maintenance of humus which in the structure has a lot of steady, rich with oxygen, neutral humic substances promoting aerobic bacterial process. And also in accumulation and vegetation of the activator of the Anthrax the certain role is played humidity of soil, reaction of environment (рН), the maintenance macro and microcells, a stock of a moisture and a water mode.
Also special concern in increase of number of the natural centers cause burial grounds for animal refuse on water modular territories which during long time create threat of hit of activators of infectious diseases in pools of reservoirs and lakes, especially in water modular territory of Kairakum, Nurek and Rogun water basins.
All above stated, testifies that in Tajikistan it is necessary to carry out monitoring of the soil centers of sources of infections, to reveal and investigate the physic-geographical, physical, chemical and climatic factors promoting increase of number of the natural centers. For improvement of epidemiological and epizootological condition of Anthrax disease it is necessary to appreciate the ecology-microbiological conditions and to spend epizootological certification, inventory and a microbiological estimation of unsuccessful points and burial grounds for animal refuse located on territory of Republic of Tajikistan. To investigate places of a reservation and a way of circulation of activators of an infection. To test methods of disinfecting of the natural centers and ways of destruction of tanks. To develop a cadastre of unsuccessful points on regions of Tajikistan taking into account modern requirements.
The project consists of following tasks:1. To define ecology-microbiological condition of Anthrax on territory of Republic, to carry out monitoring of the soil centers of infections, to reveal and investigate the physic-geographical, physical, chemical and climatic factors promoting for increase of number of the natural centers.
2. To investigate places of reservation and way of circulation of activators of an infection, to conduct researches of the natural centers, to reveal factors of their activation, to define sources and specific structure of tanks of the activator and ways of its transfer (rodents, ticks, bloodsucking insects) and to define level of their danger to environment.
3. To spend sequestration and to investigate genetic variety of B. anthraces allocated from unsuccessful zones; to spend epizootological certification, inventory and a microbiological estimation of unsuccessful points and burial grounds for animal refuse, located on territory of Republic of Tajikistan. To develop the optimal methods of struggle and to test effective preparations for disinfecting of the natural centers and ways of destruction of tanks. To develop a cadastre of unsuccessful points on regions of Tajikistan taking into account modern requirements.
